Demographic And Migratory Problems And Prospects Of The Tribals In India: A Quest For Socio-Economic And Ethno-Cultural Stability

Abstract

Due to national urbanization, there have been lifestyle transformations with several indigenous and tribal communities getting relocated to urban and semi-urban areas in search of greater economic possibilities, despite their long history of subsistence living near the land. Migration has been shaping human history, economy, and culture, and has acted as a strong force in shaping cities and urbanization since the time of the industrial revolution, for economic growth and human wellbeing, but the paucity of initiatives taken by both researchers and policymakers is exigent.

This paper examines the nature of urbanization and urban growth in India in the context of rural and tribal communities since the late 19th century and this demographic transition has led to stagnant agricultural productivity and rural literacy levels in large parts of India mainly in the Northern hinterlands with City population growth rates increasing being driven by investments in specific sectors such as Information & Technology in metropolitan cities like Mumbai, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Chennai, Delhi and Kolkata besides Human capital has put constraints on migrants to reduce fertility clubbed with Labour mobility and collapse resulting in the conflict with the
eroding indigenous skills versus the ultra- modern science and technology innovations imposed on the tribal communities, a blatant violation of the corporate sector to enslave the rural poor in India which is as high among the males besides revealing the challenges in national politics of migration and the dynamism in the indigenous population and spatial parameters, which are posing to land-use patterns, ecology, social politics, and international relations, resulting in social and occupational mobility, poverty, and wealth indices, inequality, for which the nation should focus on national development strategies.

Migration and urbanization was seen as a development failure, disturbing the rural matrix to lose their original vocation and settlements and policymakers were busy suggesting how to reduce migration to secure the way of life and values of individuals although migration has positive and negative impacts for the places of origin and destination with human resources besides the return
of migrants and their reintegration in home countries and by improving the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers.

The government’s Urban Agenda boosts the objectives of the SDGs in creating sustainable cities and urbanization with a safe, orderly, and regular migration through well-managed and planned migration policies. This article critically examines the relationship between migration, urbanization, and development in the scenario of the socio-cultural diffusion and change in values and life practices among the rural tribal and other ethnic communities.