International Journal of Current Humanities & Social Science Researches (IJCHSSR) ISSN: 2456-7205, Peer Reviewed and Refereed Journal
International Journal of Current Humanities and Social Science Researches (IJCHSSR) is an open access, peer-reviewed, refereed journal and online bilingual (English and Tamil), interdisciplinary research journal publishing scholarly original articles, book reviews, conceptual framework, case studies, empirical research, technical notes, thesis and abstracts from the disciplines of Humanities and Social Sciences. Special Issues devoted to important topics in Humanities and Social Sciences will occasionally be published. The subjects of International Journal of Current Humanities and Social Science Researches (IJCHSSR) include: Arts, Anthropology, Business Studies, Communication Studies, Corporate Governance, Cross Cultural Studies, Criminology, Demography, Development Studies, Ethics, Economics, Education, English, Fine Arts, Finance, Geography, History, Industrial Relations, Information Science, International Relations, Literature, Law, Linguistics, Library Science, Media Studies, Methodology, Management, Philosophy, Population Studies, Psychology, Public Administration, Paralegal Studies, Performing Arts, Political Science, Religious Studies, Sociology, Social Welfare, Tamil, Visual Arts, Women Studies etc. The journal is published in online version.
All India Deprived Community Support Centre
Indian Tribes And Dalits In Transition: Migration, Identity, And Resistance
This article investigates the dual experiences of Indian tribal communities and Dalits undergoing transformation through migration, identity reconstruction, and resistance. It examines how urban migration—both rural-to-city and ruralurban circulation—acts as a catalyst for identity renegotiation and the assertion of cultural pride. Drawing on ethnographic studies of Dalit migrants in Mumbai and broader urban exclusion analyses, the paper underscores how symbolic assertion, middle-class emergence, and urban resistance manifest amid spatial segregation and socio-economic marginalization. Additionally, it explores tribal challenges—economic hardship, land conflicts, and erosion of cultural identity—and highlights their pathways to resistance. The synthesis calls for inclusive, culturally sensitive policies to support identity preservation and equitable urban inclusion.
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Current Humanities & Social Science Researches (IJCHSSR) ISSN: 2456-7205, Peer Reviewed and Refereed Journal
A study on migration, urbanization and cultural changes among Greek and Turkish Cypriots in Western Asia
This analytical study could explore the historical and ongoing effects of migration, urbanization, and broader societal transformations on these groups, potentially focusing on specific communities, such as the Gaddis or Marathas, or examining the experiences of refugees and migrants in Cyprus. They also saw influences from other groups, such as the Assyrians, Egyptians, and Persians, due to its strategic location. Western Asia is a diverse region with numerous ethnic groups and tribes. Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots are the two main ethnic groups of Cyprus, with distinct cultural and historical backgrounds. Greek Cypriots, predominantly Greek Orthodox Christians, make up the majority of the island’s population. Turkish Cypriots, primarily Sunni Muslims, represent a significant minority. Their differing identities and aspirations have historically led to periods of tension and conflict, particularly regarding the island’s political status. Cyprus has been inhabited by both Greek and Turkish communities for centuries. Still, their relationship has been marked by periods of both coexistence and conflict. After Cyprus’s independence in 1960, clashes escalated, leading to the physical separation of the two communities. In 1974, Turkey invaded Cyprus in response to a coup aimed at uniting the island with Greece, resulting in the division of the island into northern and southern sectors Click or tap here to enter text. Turkish Cypriots subsequently declared the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus in 1983, a state recognized only by Turkey. The independence of Cyprus was to happen through an agreement that concerned all stakeholders. Greek Cypriots were to be represented by Makarios, Turkish Cypriots by Dr. Fazil Küçük, and the three foreign powers, Britain, Greece, and Turkey, would also be part of the agreement
Demographic And Migratory Problems And Prospects Of The Tribals In India: A Quest For Socio-Economic And Ethno-Cultural Stability
Due to national urbanization, there have been lifestyle transformations with several indigenous and tribal communities getting relocated to urban and semi-urban areas in search of greater economic possibilities, despite their long history of subsistence living near the land. Migration has been shaping human history, economy, and culture, and has acted as a strong force in shaping cities and urbanization since the time of the industrial revolution, for economic growth and human wellbeing, but the paucity of initiatives taken by both researchers and policymakers is exigent. This paper examines the nature of urbanization and urban growth in India in the context of rural and tribal communities since the late 19th century and this demographic transition has led to stagnant agricultural productivity and rural literacy levels in large parts of India mainly in the Northern hinterlands with City population growth rates increasing being driven by investments in specific sectors such as Information & Technology in metropolitan cities like Mumbai, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Chennai, Delhi and Kolkata besides Human capital has put constraints on migrants to reduce fertility clubbed with Labour mobility and collapse resulting in the conflict with the eroding indigenous skills versus the ultra- modern science and technology innovations imposed on the tribal communities, a blatant violation of the corporate sector to enslave the rural poor in India which is as high among the males besides revealing the challenges in national politics of migration and the dynamism in the indigenous population and spatial parameters, which are posing to land-use patterns, ecology, social politics, and international relations, resulting in social and occupational mobility, poverty, and wealth indices, inequality, for which the nation should focus on national development strategies. Migration and urbanization was seen as a development failure, disturbing the rural matrix to lose their original vocation and settlements and policymakers were busy suggesting how to reduce migration to secure the way of life and values of individuals although migration has positive and negative impacts for the places of origin and destination with human resources besides the return of migrants and their reintegration in home countries and by improving the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers. The government’s Urban Agenda boosts the objectives of the SDGs in creating sustainable cities and urbanization with a safe, orderly, and regular migration through well-managed and planned migration policies. This article critically examines the relationship between migration, urbanization, and development in the scenario of the socio-cultural diffusion and change in values and life practices among the rural tribal and other ethnic communities.
Domain of Ancient Indian Tribal Histories: Marginalization, Indigenization and Imagination
This paper discusses a tribal communal representation mentioned in ancient literature. The main theme of this paper is to propose a conceptual framework for tribal history in India. Tribes and tribal culture have been questioned in the academic arena. The harmonious relationship that forest dwellers have with nature and their socio-cultural traditions is valued. The basis of social structure was blood relations, and a man was identified by the clan to which he belonged. The term ‘Tribe’ has gone through a lot of changes. This means a political unit composed of several clans. Tribes in India are closely associated with a specific geographical area. Tribes are often named after the specific geographical region due to the permanent habitat gave a geographical identity to a tribe.
Tribals' Contributions to the Development of Brahmanical Socio-Cultural Institutions in Ancient India
Execution of land-grants to yajmani brahmanas on a large scale by kings and feudal lords to support their livelihood following decline in trade and gradual desertion of towns from about fourth centuries A.D. appears to be a great landmark in socio-economic history of early India. Rent free land-grants and agrahara villages emerged as a later development from about fifth century onwards which reveals the sad picture of the monarchical and feudal administration and at the same time brings about the consolidation of socio-economic condition of the brahmanas in growing rural economy.
Migration, Mobility and Tribal Women’s Education In Tamilnadu: Challenges And Opportunities
Research focused on classes or communities is essential as it illuminates the lives of these individuals. While extensive study has been conducted on many populations in Tamil Nadu, studies focussing on Scheduled Tribes remain comparatively few, despite their significant presence in the state’s mountainous regions. The present literature in this field rarely addresses the study of indigenous women, focussing on their education, health, employment, and empowerment. This article endeavours to examine the education of indigenous women. This study focusses on Perambalur District in Tamil Nadu.
Ethnomedicine of The Irula: Indigenous Healing In South India
This article investigates the ethnomedical practices of the Irula, an indigenous community of South India, whose healing traditions reflect a deep engagement with forest ecologies and local biodiversity. Based on ethnographic documentation, oral histories, and comparative references to classical medical systems such as Ayurveda and Siddha, the research identifies the use of medicinal plants, animal-derived substances, and ritual techniques in the treatment of ailments ranging from fevers and digestive disorders to snakebites and chronic conditions. The findings highlight how Irula medicine is sustained through oral transmission, collective memory, and ritual contexts, positioning it as both a therapeutic system and a cultural heritage practice. The study further explores the challenges faced by the community in the preservation of their knowledge under pressures of ecological degradation, socio-economic marginalisation, and the expanding influence of biomedicine. By situating Irula healing traditions within the broader discourse on indigenous medicine and sustainable healthcare, the paper emphasizes the need for safeguarding this knowledge as part of both cultural preservation and public health resource development.
Impact Impact of Globalization on Tribal Culture in India: Continuity, Change, and Cultural Negotiation
Globalization—understood as the intensifying flows of capital, information, media, people, and ideas—has transformed everyday life across India. For India’s many tribal (Adivasi) societies, these currents have brought new opportunities for mobility and rights-claims as well as stark challenges to linguistic diversity, ecological life worlds, ritual systems, and intergenerational transmission of knowledge. This paper analyzes how globalization has reconfigured tribal culture in India in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. It situates tribal cultural change historically domains of continuity and change (language, religion, kinship, livelihood, education, media and consumption, political identity); closes with a framework for culturally grounded, rights-respecting development. Globalization's impact on indigenous cultures, particularly Adivasi communities, is a subject of extensive analysis and debate. Contrary to the common perception that globalization solely leads to cultural erosion, recent perspectives suggest a more nuanced understanding. It is argued that globalization acts as a catalyst for a complex process of cultural negotiation, where various dynamics such as loss, hybridization, and creative resurgence occur simultaneously, shaping the evolving cultural landscape of indigenous communities. Keywords: Adivasi, indigeneity, globalization, culture change, language, identity politics, India
Migration, Urbanisation and Cultural Change Among The Toda Tribe Of The Nilgiris
The Toda tribe of the Nilgiri hills represents one of the most distinctive indigenous communities of South India, whose cultural identity is historically anchored in pastoral traditions and ritual symbolism surrounding the buffalo. In recent decades, however, processes of migration and urbanisation have begun to transform the demographic, economic, and cultural landscape of the community. Urban exposure has also generated shifts in housing, language usage, and modes of subsistence, leading to a gradual decline in the transmission of their endangered language, Toda. Cultural change is thus manifested both in the erosion of ritual symbolism and in the reconfiguration of social organization, with hybrid forms of identity emerging between traditional pastoralist life and urban modernity. This study examines the interconnections of migration, urbanisation, and cultural change among the Todas, situating their experience within broader debates on tribal resilience, adaptation, and the future of indigenous knowledge systems.
Migration and the Reshaping of Tribal Identities in Tamil Nadu
Tribal communities in India are undergoing profound transitions in the context of migration and urbanisation, raising critical questions about cultural identity, continuity, and adaptation. This paper examines how migration reshapes the identities of tribal groups in Tamil Nadu, with particular attention to the socio-cultural transformations that occur when communities move from traditional habitats to urban and semi-urban environments. The study is guided by three objectives: to explore the patterns and drivers of tribal migration, to analyse the impact of urbanisation on tribal cultural practices, and to assess the strategies of adaptation and resilience employed by migrant communities. Methodologically, the research employs an ethnographic approach, combining participant observation, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions with secondary data from census reports and government documents. Fieldwork was conducted among Irula and Kani communities, tracing their experiences of displacement, wage labour, and cultural negotiation in both rural and urban contexts. The findings reveal that while migration opens pathways for education, employment, and socio- economic mobility, it simultaneously challenges the continuity of tribal traditions, languages, and social structures. Urbanisation accelerates processes of cultural hybridisation, until now communities also demonstrate resilience through selective preservation of rituals, relationship ties, and collective identity. These dynamics highlight the dual processes of assimilation and resistance, underscoring the fluid and contested nature of tribal identity in contemporary Tamil Nadu. The study contributes to broader debates on tribes in transition, offering insights for policy frameworks aimed at safeguarding cultural diversity while promoting inclusive development.
An Ethnographic Study of the Kani Tribe’s Adaptation to Urbanisation in Nagercoil
The Kani tribe, an indigenous community of the Western Ghats in Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu, has traditionally sustained its livelihood through forest resources, herbal medicine, and shifting cultivation. However, the rapid pace of urbanisation in and around Nagercoil has brought significant transformations in their socio-economic and cultural life. This paper examines how the Kani community negotiates the pressures of urban expansion, migration, and modern education while striving to preserve its cultural identity. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, oral narratives, and participant observation, the study explores three interrelated dimensions. Particular attention is given to the role of youth in mediating between traditional practices and modern aspirations, including education, migration to Gulf countries, and integration into urban society. The paper argues that while urbanisation poses challenges of displacement and cultural erosion, it also opens spaces for resilience, innovation, and redefinition of tribal identity. This study situates the experiences of the Kani tribe within the broader discourse on Indian tribes in transition and contributes to understanding the intersections of migration, urbanisation, and cultural change in contemporary South India.
Eco-Tourism and Tribals At Patchamalai Hills
Pachaimalai Hills, a land of Greenary and a home for many tribals in Tamil Nadu, became an emerging Tourist distinction, particularly this destination. The Green forest provided the Eco-Tourism destination to make this place as an Eco-Tourism Destination. It also helps to tribal society and make a bridge between Tribals and present Tamil Nadu's emerging eco-Tourism sector. Tamil Nadu Government planned many developmental activities to promote Tourism as well as the tribals of Pachaimalai.
Tribal Women Development With Special Reference To Education
After Independence, the central and state governments have tried to develop a form of education, including primary, secondary, and higher education, all over the country, having a blanket system for the entire urban, rural, and tribal population. Education is essential for the development process; it can help women to develop their literary skills, awareness of their situation, better hygiene, family health, economic environment, and political awareness. Education enriches life and helps an individual to develop their personality. The efforts to improve the literary and educational level of Tribal women as a whole were taken up systematically since the introduction of five-year plans, both under the general education sector and under the welfare of the backward class sector. To improve primary education, among the Tribal women in the Integrated Tribal Development Project Area, residential primary schools were opened under the Tribal sub-plan of 1989-1990. SarvaSikshaAbhiyan, a program for the universalization of Elementary Education, began at the grassroots level in India in 2001. Because of the efforts taken by SSA, improvement can be seen in their attendance. Scholarship for regular attendance for tribal girls is higher than for tribal boys. The scheme of Post-Matric Scholarships to SC/ST students was started in 1944-1945 to provide financial assistance to students studying in post-matriculation stages in different schools and colleges in the country, to help them complete their education. ST students are being exempted from paying fees, including examination fees. In addition to the above, they are given a monthly stipend. To make scheduled tribes as well qualified as par equal counterparts, the government has taken initiatives for the employed tribes in evening colleges. To motivate the tribal girls to continue their education, Education should be job-oriented. More and more residential facilities like hostels should be provided.
An Ethnography of Cultural Disruption and Adaptive Resilience among the Paliyar Tribe in Tirunelveli
This ethnographic study examines the profound cultural transition of the Paliyar, a formerly nomadic tribe in Tirunelveli, compelled by state policy and ecological pressure into decentralization. Through three months of immersive fieldwork in the Thalaiyanai hamlet, near Ambasamudram, this research documents the complex interaction between severe cultural disruption and the community’s resilient adaptations. The findings reveal a critical erosion of traditional ethnobotanical knowledge and the breakdown of association-based social structures, directly resulting from the loss of forest access and nomadic lifeways. Concurrently, the study highlights strategic adaptations, including a risky shift to wage labor and nuanced religious integration, demonstrating the Paliyar’s agency in navigating their new reality. This study contends that while state-led development has provided essential infrastructure, its top-down approach has inadvertently accelerated cultural erosion by failing to integrate the Paliyar’s worldview and intrinsic strengths. Consequently, this paper advocates for a paradigm shift in tribal policy, from integration to co-design, promoting frameworks that actively preserve intangible heritage while facilitating sustainable and empowering adaptation, ensuring that development fosters dignity alongside material progress.
Urban Migration And Cultural Transformation Among The Paliar Community
The Paliar tribes of Tamil Nadu, traditionally dependent on forest-based subsistence activities, has experienced significant socio-cultural and economic transformations under the influence of urbanisation and migration. Once isolated within ecological niches, the Paliar community is increasingly exposed to modern labour markets, educational opportunities, and welfare interventions by the state. This shift has resulted in a gradual transition from traditional livelihoods such as hunting, gathering, and shifting cultivation to wage labour, service-oriented employment, and urban-based occupations. However, the process has not been uniform; while urbanisation has opened avenues for upward mobility and integration into mainstream society, it has also accelerated the erosion of cultural practices, oral traditions, and indigenous knowledge systems. Migration, both voluntary and forced, has contributed to the reconfiguration of kinship networks, social hierarchies, and ritual practices. By combining ethnographic insights and policy perspectives, the analysis the dynamics of urbanisation and migration reshape tribal cultures without fully erasing their distinctive heritage
The Paliyan Tribe a Case Study in Cultural Transition
This ethnographic study examines the profound cultural and socio-economic transformation of the Paliyan tribe in Tamil Nadu, India. Historically a hunter-gatherer community, the Paliyans have increasingly transitioned to modern agricultural labor, driven by economic pressures and environmental changes. While previous studies have documented their traditional way of life and the initial stages of contact with modern society, there is a research gap in understanding the long term, multi-faceted consequences of their transition to a wage-based agricultural economy. The objective of this ethnographic study is to analyze the profound shifts in the Paliyans’ livelihood, social structure, identity, and traditional knowledge systems as they adapt to a modern lifestyle. We employed a qualitative methodology, conducting in-depth interviews and participant observation to explore their lived experiences and perspectives.The key findings reveal a significant erosion of their unique cultural heritage, including traditional skills, kinship systems, and ecological knowledge. The transition to agricultural labor has created new social hierarchies and economic dependencies, fundamentally altering their social fabric. These changes are accelerating the loss of their distinct identity and traditional practices. The implications of this study are critical for culturally sensitive development policies. It underscores the urgent need for interventions that support the Paliyans’ economic well-being without further compromising their cultural identity and autonomy, providing a valuable case study for indigenous communities navigating modernization globally.
Arachchi Mudiyanselage Kanishka Kalhari Sumanadasa
Jarawas - The Indigenous Nomadic Tribes of Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Andaman and Nicobar Islands is a place of historical Caliber and has an admirable scenic beauty which is predominantly known as “Kalapani” and often use to call as Mini India. Andaman and Nicobar Islands is an important union territory of India comprising 572 Islands of which only 38 are inhabited. The islands are situated between Bay of Bengal to the west and the Andaman Sea to the east. These islands are two group of islands – the Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands, covering an area of 8,249 sq. km. Both group of Islands are separated by Ten Degree Channel. The heartbeat of this island lies in its indigenous tribes and there were more than 12 tribal groups and among them only six are surviving presently like Great Andamanese, Nicobarese, Shompen, Onge, Jarawa, Sentinelese. Jarawas are one of the oldest surviving tribes of the world and Andaman Archipelago is the home to this Negrito tribes. Jarawas have a short stature, dark skin and spring like curly hair. They are primarily hunters – gatherers and the most isolated tribes. They are dwelling in the west coast and regions of south and middle Andaman. Their area has been notified as “Jarawa Reserve” under the Andaman and Nicobar Islands protection of Aboriginal Tribes Regulation 1956. Till now they are at the primitive stage of life on earth. They entirely depend upon the forest and sea for food. and This study attempts to know about Jarawa, their origin, lifestyle, hostility, challenges and their rehabilitation.
Tribal Welfare And Social Justice: The Enduring Contributions Of M. Karunanidhi’s Administration
This study examines the policies and initiatives undertaken during M. Karunanidhi’s administration with regard to tribal welfare and social justice in Tamil Nadu. Grounded in the Dravidian ideological framework, Karunanidhi’s governance emphasized equity, inclusivity, and the dismantling of entrenched hierarchies. His administration advanced measures such as educational access, land rights, healthcare provision, and cultural recognition for tribal communities, while situating them within broader social justice reforms including reservations, poverty alleviation, and institutional safeguards. The paper highlights the enduring impact of these interventions, noting how they fostered pathways of mobility for marginalized groups and reinforced the principles of social democracy in the state’s development model. By contextualizing Karunanidhi’s efforts within both the historical trajectory of Dravidian politics and the contemporary discourse on inclusive governance, the analysis underscores his lasting contribution to the empowerment of tribal communities and the deepening of social justice in Tamil Nadu.
Cultural Transformations Among The Kani Tribes Of Thiruvattar Taluk, Kanyakumari District
The Kani tribe, an indigenous community residing in the Western Ghats of Kanyakumari district, represents a rich cultural heritage rooted in forest-based livelihoods, herbal medicine and a deep spiritual bond with nature. Traditionally known for their communal solidarity, simple social structures and ecological wisdom, the Kanis have in recent decades experienced profound transformations. State-led development programs, expanding access to education, religious conversions, migration for employment and restrictions on forest resources have altered nearly every aspect of their lives. Livelihood patterns have shifted from subsistence cultivation and forest gathering to wage labour and migration, while their unique dialect and oral traditions are steadily declining under the influence of standard Tamil and mass media. Family structures are moving toward nuclear households, women are increasingly engaged in education and wage work and spiritual practices have shifted from sacred groves to churches and temples. Although these changes have opened new opportunities for mobility and integration into mainstream society, they also pose challenges such as the erosion of traditional knowledge, cultural dilution and identity struggles between generations. This paper explores these cultural transformations among the Kanis of Thiruvattar taluk, highlighting both the opportunities they provide and the threats they pose to the preservation of indigenous identity.
Social Condition of the Malayali Tribes: Origin Etymology of Jawadhi Hills the Word “Tribe” – A Study
The word “Tribe” has been derived from the Latin word “Tribus” which means one of the divisions of the ancient Roman people. Etymologically, the term tribe derives its origin from the word ‘tribes’ meaning three divisions. For the Romans, the tribe was a political division. In the western world as also in India, the term ‘tribe’ had totally different connotation than what is prevalent now. The tribe was the highest political unit comprising several districts, which in turn were composed of clans. It occupied a definite geographical are and exercised control over its people. Permanent settlement in a particular area gave geographical different to ‘tribes’. The territory under the domain of a particular tribe was generally named after it. It is believed that India derived its name, Bharat from the mighty Bharat tribe.
Tribal Migration And Resettlement: Social, Economic And Cultural Impacts In The 21St Century
In the 21st century, tribal communities face migration and resettlement challenges that arise where development, globalisation and cultural preservation intersect. These movements, whether chosen or imposed, are influenced by a combination of factors such as economic inequality, environmental harm, climate crises, conflicts and expansive infrastructure development. Although certain tribal groups pursue migration to secure better economic prospects, most experience systemic disadvantages. Being uprooted frequently disrupts cultural traditions, weakens community bonds and increases economic vulnerability. This study examines how tribal migration and resettlement impact social, economic and cultural spheres worldwide, with illustrative examples from South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and Indigenous communities in North America. Using a qualitative secondary research methodology, it synthesizes scholarly literature, case studies, policy analyses and ethnographic accounts. Results suggest that resettlement without community participation typically undermines long-term well-being, while participatory frameworks and culturally sensitive rehabilitation can mitigate harm. The study concludes that inclusive policies emphasizing land rights, livelihood security and cultural preservation are essential for fostering resilience among tribal communities.
இந்திய பழங்குடியினர் சமூகங்கள் இயற்கயயோடு நெருங்கிப் பழகும் தனித்துவம் வோயந்த வோழ்க்க மு்ை்ய்க நகோண்டுள்்ளனர். இவர்களின் வோழவியில் ெ்ைமு்ைகள், கலோசசோரம், உணவு பழ்ககங்கள், ெம்பி்க்ககள், மருத்துவ அறிவு யபோன்ை்வ ஒரு த்லமு்ையிலிருந்து அடுத்த த்லமு்ைகளு்ககு வோயநமோழியோக நதோைரப்பட்டு வந்தன. இ்வ அ்னத்தும் இயற்கச சூழ்ல அடிப்ப்ையோக்க நகோண்டு உருவோகியதோல், பழங்குடியினர்கள் இயற்கயின் கோவலர்க்ளோக்க கருதப்படுகின்ைனர். நீலகிரி மோவட்ைம் இந்தியோவின் பழங்குடியின ம்ககளின் பண்போட்டு வ்ளம் மறறும் வோழவியல் மோறைங்க்்ள உணர்த்தும் தனித்துவமோன பகுதி. இங்குள்்ள யதோைர், யகோத்தர், குறும்பர், இரு்ளர், பணியோ, கோட்டுெோய்ககர் ஆகிய ஆறு பழங்குடியின ம்ககள், தங்களின் போரம்பரிய பண்போடுகளும் இயற்கயயோடும் நகோண்ை உைவுகளும் மூலம் தனித்துவ அ்ையோ்ளத்்த்க நகோண்டுள்்ளனர். ஆனோல் குடிநபயர்வு, ெகர்மயமோ்ககம், கல்வி, நதோழில் வோயப்புகள் ஆகிய கோரணிகள், அவர்களின் வோழவியல் மு்ையிலும் சமூக அ்மப்பிலும் பல்யவறு மோறைங்க்்ள ஏறபடுத்தியுள்்ளன. போரம்பரிய நதோழில்கள் கு்ைந்து புதிய வோழ்க்க மு்ைகளில் பழக யவண்டிய நி்ல உருவோகியுள்்ளது. இதனோல் பண்போட்டு அ்ையோ்ளம் மங்குகிையதோ என்சவோல் எழுந்தோலும் பல பழங்குடியினர் தங்களின் போரம்பரிய அறி்வயும் வழ்ககங்க்்ளயும் இன்்ைய வோழ்க்கயில் இ்ணத்து்க நகோண்யை வருகின்ைனர். நீலகிரியின் ஆறு பழங்குடியின ம்ககளின் பண்போடு, வோழ்க்க மு்ை, போரம்பரியம் மறறும் ெகர்மயமோ்ககத்தோல் உருவோகும் மோறைங்கள் ஆகியவற்ை ஆரோயகிைது. இவவோயவு பழங்குடியின ம்ககளின் அ்ையோ்ளப் போதுகோப்பு்ககும், எதிர்கோல சமூக முன்யனறைத்து்ககும் யத்வயோன புரித்ல வழங்குகிைது.
Contribution of Makkal Mandram In The Development of The Irula Tribes Living In The Northern Districts of Tamilnadu
Although there are 37 types of tribes in Tamil Nadu, my title analyzes only the Irulas who live widely in the northern districts like Krishnagiri, Vellore, Tirupattur, Ranipet, Kanchipuram, Chengalpattu, Villupuram, Tiruvannamalai, and Tiruvallur. Just as Prof. Prabha Kalvimani or Kalyani, Advocate Lucia, etc., are politicizing the Irula people in areas like Villupuram, Kallakurichi, and Gingee and striving to improve their standard of living similarly, the 'Makkal Mandram' functions as a bulwark and a movement that protects the rights of the Irula people living in the above-mentioned northern districts, centered on Kanchipuram. For more than twenty-five years, the Makkal Mandram has rescued Irulas who were in bondage from various rice mills and brick kilns in the northern districts. The Makkal Mandram has succeeded in greatly improving the lives of the Irula people who were rescued from slavery. Mahesh and Jessy, the coordinators of the Makkal Mandram are both women. Both of them have dedicated their lives to the oppressed people without getting married. As a result of their dedication, many Irula youths in northern districts have completed degrees from various colleges. Many Irula youth are working as lawyers and work in the private and government sectors. The research article, attempts to portray the contributions of Makkal Mandram in the development of lives of the Irula people.
Resilience and Reform: Tribal Welfare Strategies in Tamil Nadu
Tribal communities in Tamil Nadu, with their rich cultural heritage and deep connection to nature, have demonstrated remarkable resilience in the face of historical marginalization, economic challenges, and social exclusion. Their traditions, practices and knowledge systems reflect centuries of adaptation and survival amidst adversity. Tamil Nadu has implemented a wide range of initiatives in education which enable tribal students to pursue professional and advanced studies. Ultimately, education serves as the cornerstone for tribal empowerment and Tamil Nadu’s strategies reflect both resilience and reform in advancing inclusive growth. Hence, the aim of this paper is to highlight the educational programmes for the upliftment of Tribal people in Tamil Nadu.
Indian Tribes in Transition: Migration, Urbanization and Cultural Dynamics
Tribal people play a crucial role in the cultural fabric of India, which is frequently referred to as a mosaic of cultures, languages, and customs. Approximately 8.6% of India’s population[1], which is over 104 million people (Census of India, 2011[1]), are Scheduled Tribes. These people, which are dispersed throughout hilly regions, dense forests, deserts, and even the outskirts of cities, have historically existed as independent, close-knit communities with distinctive political, religious, and economic systems. Their way of life was closely linked to the natural world, guaranteeing ecological balance and sustainable resource utilization.
Role of Ethnic minorities in Indian Freedom Struggle
The Adivasi are the heterogeneous tribal groups across the Indian subcontinent. The term Adivasi, a 20th-century construct meaning “ancient inhabitants”, is now widely used as a self-designation by many of the communities who are officially recognized as “Scheduled Tribes” in India and as “Ethnic minorities” in Bangladesh. They constitute approximately 8.6% of India’s population (around 104.2 million, according to the 2011 Census) and about 1.1% of Bangladesh’s population (roughly 2 million, 2010 estimate). Though claimed to be the original inhabitants of India, many present-day Adivasi communities formed after the decline of the Indus Valley Civilisation, harboring various degrees of ancestry from ancient hunter-gatherers, Indus Valley Civilisation, Indo-Aryan, Austroasiatic and Tibeto-Burman language speakers. Only tribal people of Andaman Islands remained isolated for more than 25000 years.There were tribal reform and rebellion movements during the period of the British Empire, some of which also participated in the Indian independence movement or attacked mission posts.
Handicrafts and Market Economy in Nilgiris: A Historical and Socio-Economic Perspective
This research paper, “Tribal Handicrafts and Market Economy in Nilgiris: A Historical and Socio Economic Perspective,” examines the production and market integration of handmade goods within indigenous communities. The study focuses on the economic empowerment derived from these activities, particularly for women, and explores the impact on livelihoods. Furthermore, the research investigates how these products facilitate a broader understanding of indigenous cultures. This research endeavours to analyze the evolution of tribal communities’ products within the market, along with the associated challenges. Furthermore, it seeks to identify opportunities for future research enhancements and to foster the growth of tribal entrepreneurship. The primary findings indicate a decline in craftsmanship attributable to commercial influences
Tribal Communities of Andaman And Nicobar Islands: An Overview
In India, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands are home to several indigenous tribal groups. Many of them are still practising their own traditional way of livelihood, because they are forest dwellers or live close to forests. Even though some tribal groups migrated to the nearest cities or rural areas, they continue their unique inhabitual dwelling places. As a result, they may be completely or partially isolated from others and it is very difficult to approach them. Though the tribals belongs to nomadic society, each and every tribal community of the world has its own unique characteristics and lifestyle depends upon their own country’s geographical features, climate etc. Likewise, in India, Andaman and Nicobar Islands has six principal tribal communities like the Great Andamanese, the Jarwas etc with their distinct origin, lifeways and challenges are briefly overviewed.